The Tourmaline
A stunning semi-precious stone renowned for its extensive and exciting color spectrum.
Overview
Tourmaline is a group of closely related mineral species that share the same crystal structure. Its mesmerizing colors—from greens and blues to bi-colors and tri-colors—are caused by a complex mixture of elements like calcium, manganese, and iron.
Its name derives from the Tamil and Sinhalese words "Turmali" or "Thoramalli", translating to "stone with various colors". In the 1500s, a green tourmaline was mistaken for an emerald by a Spanish conquistador in Brazil, and its true identity wasn't confirmed by scientists until the 1800s. Today, it is extracted from pegmatite districts globally, including Brazil, San Diego, Maine, Malawi, Nigeria, and Afghanistan.
Symbolism
Ancient folklore suggests that tourmaline traveled over a rainbow and gathered its beautiful colors during the journey. In ancient India, it was used to awaken insight, while African civilizations believed it provided relief from disillusion and enhanced mental clarity.
Because of its pyroelectric property (the ability to generate electricity when heated), alchemists linked it to the philosopher’s stone. It is also believed to inspire creativity, making it a favored talisman among artists, writers, and various indigenous groups.
Physical Properties & Quality
Hardness & Strength
Tourmaline has a solid rating of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. This makes it a fairly tough gemstone and a fantastic, durable option for everyday jewelry, including rings, earrings, necklaces, and pendants.
Treatment
While many tourmalines are untreated, some (especially red/pink) undergo heat or irradiation to improve color and clarity.
- Irradiation: Deepens color. Yellows turn peach/orange; blues turn deep purple.
- Heat: Lightens color at ~700°C. Natural, unenhanced tourmalines are generally valued higher.
Clarity, Cut & Carat
Formed in liquid-rich environments, inclusions often resemble hollow tubes. Red/pink tourmalines usually have eye-visible inclusions, while green tourmalines are typically eye-clean. Because of pleochroism (changing color at different angles), cutters must shape the stone carefully. Price per carat jumps significantly past the five-carat mark.
Famous Varieties
Rarer colors demand exorbitant prices and hold specific trade names:
- Paraiba: Rare neon-blue; the most expensive variety.
- Rubellite: Intense pink to deep purplish-red.
- Indicolite: Rare vivid blue to blue-green.
- Chrome: Brilliant green, similar to tsavorite.
- Watermelon: Multicolored (green outer, red center).
Pink Tourmaline Grading System
Top 1%
Comprising the top 1% of exceptionally rare pink tourmalines, these range from slightly included to eye-clean, distinguished by a rich pink color.
Top 10%
Almost 10% of all natural pink tourmalines belong to this category. These gemstones are only slightly included and display a gorgeous medium pink color.
Top 33%
Representing the top 33% of available pink tourmalines, these stones are light to medium pink in color and have moderate inclusions.
Top 75%
Baby pink in color, this entry-level category includes stones that have heavy inclusions.
Tourmaline Care Instructions
Tourmaline is tough enough for all kinds of jewelry, but to ensure it sparkles brilliantly for a lifetime, keep these simple care tips in mind:
- Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Do not subject your jewelry to drastic temperature changes or constant high heat, as it can fracture the stone or alter its color.
- No Ultrasonic Cleaners: Ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners are not recommended for this gem.
- Gentle Cleaning: Use a mild soap solution and a soft bristle brush. Rinse well to avoid residue, and pat dry with a soft cloth. Do not leave in the sun or use a hair-dryer.
- Dust Frequently: Because of its pyroelectric properties, tourmaline attracts more dust than other gems and needs to be wiped clean more often.
- Wear Safely: Remove your jewelry when engaging in outdoor activities like sports or gardening.
- Safe Storage: Store your tourmaline separately in a fabric-lined box to avoid friction and scratches with other gems.